{"id":284,"date":"2026-10-30T13:42:30","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T12:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naturavox.org\/?p=284"},"modified":"2026-10-30T13:52:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T12:52:53","slug":"sangliers-predation-nids-oiseaux-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naturavox.org\/index.php\/2026\/10\/30\/sangliers-predation-nids-oiseaux-france\/","title":{"rendered":"Un million de sangliers abattus en France : une menace croissante pour les oiseaux qui nichent au sol ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, plus d\u2019un million de sangliers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s en France au cours d\u2019une campagne. Derri\u00e8re cette progression spectaculaire se pose une question moins connue que celle des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts agricoles : quelle pression ce mammif\u00e8re omnivore exerce-t-il sur les oiseaux qui nichent \u00e0 terre ? Deux \u00e9tudes scientifiques men\u00e9es en Italie et en Finlande invitent \u00e0 s\u2019interroger sur un facteur d\u00e9terminant : la densit\u00e9 des sangliers.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une expansion spectaculaire depuis cinquante ans<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Combien y a-t-il de sangliers en France ? La question est plus compliqu\u00e9e qu\u2019il n\u2019y para\u00eet. Les populations de ce mammif\u00e8re sauvage sont difficiles \u00e0 recenser. Une chose est s\u00fbre, cependant : l\u2019esp\u00e8ce a connu une expansion consid\u00e9rable au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On la rencontre au bord des chemins, en for\u00eat, dans les campagnes, mais aussi au c\u0153ur des agglom\u00e9rations. Le sanglier s\u2019aventure parfois jusque sur les plages, en plein jour, au milieu des vacanciers, comme dans cette vid\u00e9o tourn\u00e9e cet \u00e9t\u00e9 dans le Var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-media-max-width=\"560\"><p lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Var, plage de Saint-Aygulf ce soir. Il faut garder \u00e0 distance la faune sauvage comme nous l\u2019avons dit r\u00e9cemment dans le Figaro avec <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/LasseurR?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@LasseurR<\/a> <br><br>Cette laie cherche sa nourriture dans les affaires des touristes que nous sommes. Ses petits feront pareil. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/biodiversite?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#biodiversite<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/sanglier?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#sanglier<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/4BtYQWK8Ct\">pic.twitter.com\/4BtYQWK8Ct<\/a><\/p>&mdash; Bertrand Alliot (@AlliotBertrand) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/AlliotBertrand\/status\/2083971508158763172?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 2, 2026<\/a><\/blockquote> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour mesurer indirectement cette \u00e9volution, l\u2019un des indicateurs disponibles est le suivi des pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements de sangliers, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 notamment par l\u2019Office fran\u00e7ais de la biodiversit\u00e9 (OFB) et les f\u00e9d\u00e9rations de chasseurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les chiffres sont spectaculaires : en 1973, premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e du suivi, seuls <strong>35 893 sangliers<\/strong> avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s. Pour la campagne d\u00e9butant en 2025, ce chiffre atteint <strong>1 015 429 individus<\/strong>. Le nombre de sangliers pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s a \u00e9t\u00e9 multipli\u00e9 par plus de 28 en un peu plus de cinquante ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements ne constituent pas un recensement direct des populations : leur niveau d\u00e9pend aussi de l\u2019effort de chasse et des modalit\u00e9s de r\u00e9gulation. Leur \u00e9volution de long terme constitue n\u00e9anmoins un indice frappant de l\u2019expansion de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/naturavox.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sangliers-en-France-_-hausse-spectaculaire-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturavox.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sangliers-en-France-_-hausse-spectaculaire-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/naturavox.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sangliers-en-France-_-hausse-spectaculaire-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/naturavox.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sangliers-en-France-_-hausse-spectaculaire-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/naturavox.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sangliers-en-France-_-hausse-spectaculaire-1320x880.png 1320w, https:\/\/naturavox.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sangliers-en-France-_-hausse-spectaculaire.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des oiseaux nicheurs au sol particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts aux cultures, les collisions routi\u00e8res ou les pelouses retourn\u00e9es sont les cons\u00e9quences les plus visibles de cette progression. Mais le sanglier peut \u00e9galement exercer une pression sur d\u2019autres esp\u00e8ces sauvages. Essentiellement v\u00e9g\u00e9tal, son r\u00e9gime alimentaire reste celui d\u2019un omnivore opportuniste : racines, bulbes, fruits, graines, invert\u00e9br\u00e9s, petits animaux et cadavres peuvent entrer dans son alimentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les \u0153ufs et les jeunes oiseaux ne font pas exception. Les esp\u00e8ces qui nichent directement au sol sont expos\u00e9es, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de galliformes comme les perdrix et le Grand T\u00e9tras, ou d\u2019esp\u00e8ces non chassables : <strong>Bruant proyer, Pipit farlouse, Pipit des arbres, Tarier des pr\u00e9s<\/strong>, mais aussi Courlis cendr\u00e9 ou Vanneau hupp\u00e9. Les nids, souvent dissimul\u00e9s dans la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9couverts et consomm\u00e9s lors des d\u00e9placements et du fouissage des sangliers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">En Italie, une pr\u00e9dation marqu\u00e9e sur les nids exp\u00e9rimentaux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 2021, une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs dirig\u00e9e par Emiliano Mori a publi\u00e9 dans le <em>Journal of Zoology<\/em> une \u00e9tude sur la pr\u00e9dation des nids par le sanglier. Des nids artificiels contenant des \u0153ufs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dispos\u00e9s dans des habitats m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ens du centre de l\u2019Italie et surveill\u00e9s par pi\u00e8ges photographiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sur 48 dispositifs exp\u00e9rimentaux, 47 ont subi une pr\u00e9dation en moins d\u2019une semaine. Le sanglier \u00e9tait le pr\u00e9dateur le plus fr\u00e9quemment identifi\u00e9, intervenant dans <strong>36 % des dispositifs<\/strong>, devant notamment la Pie bavarde et le Renard roux. Les chercheurs ont \u00e9galement constat\u00e9 une association entre l\u2019activit\u00e9 locale des sangliers et la probabilit\u00e9 qu\u2019ils soient \u00e0 l\u2019origine d\u2019une pr\u00e9dation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il faut cependant conserver une pr\u00e9caution importante : les nids artificiels ne reproduisent pas parfaitement les conditions de reproduction des oiseaux. Ces pourcentages ne peuvent donc pas \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9s directement aux nids naturels fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">En Finlande, un impact beaucoup plus limit\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e en 2025 dans l\u2019<em>European Journal of Wildlife Research<\/em> a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 des nids artificiels dans des secteurs finlandais fr\u00e9quent\u00e9s ou non par le sanglier. Dans cette r\u00e9gion o\u00f9 l\u2019esp\u00e8ce demeure relativement peu abondante, le sanglier ne repr\u00e9sentait qu\u2019une faible part des \u00e9v\u00e9nements de pr\u00e9dation observ\u00e9s (environ 3 %). Les chercheurs n\u2019ont pas relev\u00e9 d\u2019augmentation statistiquement significative du risque global de pr\u00e9dation dans les secteurs avec sangliers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette diff\u00e9rence avec les observations italiennes est int\u00e9ressante. Les milieux, les autres pr\u00e9dateurs et les m\u00e9thodes d\u2019\u00e9tude varient, mais une hypoth\u00e8se se dessine : <strong>la densit\u00e9 locale des sangliers pourrait \u00eatre l\u2019un des facteurs cl\u00e9s de leur impact sur les oiseaux nichant au sol.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une question particuli\u00e8rement importante pour la France<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plus les sangliers sont nombreux dans un secteur, plus ils sont susceptibles de parcourir les m\u00eames espaces et d\u2019y d\u00e9couvrir des pontes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Au regard du niveau exceptionnel des pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements en France, <strong>il est plausible que la pr\u00e9dation exerc\u00e9e par le sanglier sur les oiseaux nichant \u00e0 terre soit s\u00e9rieuse, voire tr\u00e8s importante localement<\/strong>, notamment l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les densit\u00e9s sont \u00e9lev\u00e9es. Il faut toutefois distinguer cette hypoth\u00e8se d\u2019une preuve mesurant l\u2019effet national de la pr\u00e9dation sur le succ\u00e8s reproducteur : les chiffres de chasse ne fournissent pas, \u00e0 eux seuls, des densit\u00e9s locales ni des taux de destruction des nids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le Grand T\u00e9tras illustre cette pr\u00e9occupation. Le plan national d\u2019actions 2012-2021 consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019esp\u00e8ce \u00e9voquait d\u00e9j\u00e0 le risque de pr\u00e9dation des pontes par le sanglier ainsi que le d\u00e9rangement des femelles pendant l\u2019incubation. Reste \u00e0 mieux mesurer ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, \u00e9galement pour les passereaux prairiaux et d\u2019autres oiseaux nicheurs au sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La r\u00e9gulation du sanglier, aussi un enjeu de biodiversit\u00e9 ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La r\u00e9gulation du sanglier est le plus souvent pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e sous l\u2019angle des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts agricoles et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re. Les oiseaux nichant au sol pourraient constituer une raison suppl\u00e9mentaire d\u2019y pr\u00eater attention, notamment dans les secteurs o\u00f9 vivent des esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il serait excessif de faire du sanglier l\u2019unique responsable des difficult\u00e9s de ces oiseaux : les modifications des habitats, les pratiques agricoles, les d\u00e9rangements et la pr\u00e9dation par d\u2019autres esp\u00e8ces jouent \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le. Mais il serait tout aussi imprudent d\u2019\u00e9carter l\u2019effet potentiel de l\u2019abondance croissante des sangliers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La chasse est aujourd&rsquo;hui le principal outil de r\u00e9gulation, mais elle n&rsquo;a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 l\u2019augmentation de long terme des pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements. D\u2019autres mesures compl\u00e9mentaires peuvent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es, avec des co\u00fbts et des contraintes pratiques qui doivent \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9s. <strong>Et si la protection des oiseaux nichant au sol devenait, elle aussi, une raison de mieux ma\u00eetriser les populations de sangliers ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mori E. et al. (2021), <em>The wild boar Sus scrofa as a threat to ground-nesting bird species: an artificial nest experiment<\/em>, <em>Journal of Zoology<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jzo.12887\">\u00c9tude<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Miettinen E. et al. (2025), <em>Artificial nest predation, relative abundance, and activity patterns of mesocarnivores in relation to wild boar presence<\/em>, <em>European Journal of Wildlife Research<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10344-025-01991-8\">\u00c9tude<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minist\u00e8re charg\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9cologie, <em>Plan national d\u2019actions en faveur du Grand T\u00e9tras 2012-2021<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoire.foret.gouv.fr\/indicateurs-gestion-durable\">Indicateurs de gestion durable des for\u00eats fran\u00e7aises m\u00e9tropolitaines<\/a>, Observatoire des for\u00eats fran\u00e7aises.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avec plus d&rsquo;un million de sangliers pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s en France, leur expansion interroge aussi la biodiversit\u00e9. Les \u00e9tudes italienne et finlandaise \u00e9clairent leur pr\u00e9dation sur les nids d&rsquo;oiseaux au sol.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":288,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[21,20,23,22],"class_list":["post-284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mammiferes","tag-expansion-des-especes","tag-oiseaux-nicheurs","tag-predation","tag-sanglier"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Plus d\u2019un million de sangliers pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s en France : deux \u00e9tudes analysent leur pr\u00e9dation sur les nids et le r\u00f4le possible de leur densit\u00e9.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bertrand Alliot\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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